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The phonology of Catalan, a Romance language, has a certain degree of dialectal variation. Although there are two standard dialects, one based on Eastern Catalan and one based on Valencian, this article deals with features of all or most dialects, as well as regional pronunciation differences. Various studies have focused on different Catalan varieties; for example, and analyze Central Eastern varieties—the former focusing on the educated speech of Barcelona and the latter focusing more on the vernacular of Barcelona—and does a careful phonetic study of Central Eastern Catalan.〔For more information on dialectal variety, see .〕 Catalan shares features with neighboring Romance languages (Occitan, Italian, Sardinian, French, Spanish). == Consonants == * , are laminal denti-alveolar , .〔 〕 After they are laminal alveolar , . * , are velar,〔〔 〕 but they're fronted to pre-velar position before front vowels.〔 In some Majorcan dialects, the situation is reversed; the main realization is palatal , , but before liquids and rounded back vowels they are velar , .〔 * , , are apical front alveolar , , ,〔〔〔 〕 but the first two are laminal denti-alveolar , before , .〔 In addition, is postalveolar 〔 or alveolo-palatal 〔 before , , , ,〔 velar before , and labiodental before , (), where it merges with . It also merges with (to ) before , . * , , are apical back alveolar , , ,〔〔 〕 also described as postalveolar.〔 * , are apical alveolar , .〔 〕 They may be somewhat fronted, so that the stop component is laminal denti-alveolar,〔 while the fricative component is apical post-dental.〔 * , are laminal "front alveolo-palatal" , .〔〔 * There is some confusion in the literature about the precise phonetic characteristics of , , , . some sources generally describe them as "postalveolar." Others〔 describe them as "back alveolo-palatal", implying that the characters would be more accurate. However, in all literature on Catalan, only the characters for palato-alveolar affricates and fricatives are used, even when the same sources use for other languages like Polish and Chinese.〔. Here Recasens labels these Catalan sounds as "laminoalveolars palatalitzades"〕〔. Here the authors label these Catalan sounds as "laminal postalveolar"〕 * Voiced obstruents undergo final-obstruent devoicing so that e.g. ''fred'' ('cold', m. s.) is pronounced with , while ''fredes'' ('cold', f. pl.) is pronounced with . 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Catalan phonology」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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